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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H. F. PARSONS & H. BO ROHARDT.

' HAND ROCK DRILLING MACHINE.

No. 281,718.. Patented July 24; 1883.

FIELE- VII/II. MOZZNZ INVEN EIR= (No Model.) eats-Sheet 3.

- 5 811 'H. P. PARSONS 8: H. BOROHARD HAND ROCK DRILLING MACHINE. No. 281,718. Patented July 24, 1883.

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- 5-Sheets-She et 4. H. F. PARSONS & H. BOROHARDT.

HAND ROCK DRILLING MACHINE. No. 281,718. Patented July 24, 18.83.

QFIEnEL mkEN'rU-R Z M N. PFIERS. MOI-0MP. WM EC.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY F.1PARSONS, or sAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, AND HUGO BOR- OHARDT, or nnmenronrr, CONNEOTIGUT, ASSIGNORS TO DANIEL, CooK, v

OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

HAND ROCK-DRILLING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 281,718, dated July 24, 1883.

Application fiIed Septemhcr 12.1881. (No model.) i

To all-whom, it may concern:

Be it known that we, HENRY F. PARsoNs, of San .Francisco, California, and HUGO BOR- GHARDT, of the city of Bridgeport, Connecticut, have invented an Improvement in Rock- Drill Machines, (such as are described in the applications of said Parsons, filed on the th dayof August, 1880, and on the 30th day of June, 1881;) and we hereby declare the following to .be a description of the structure in which we prefer to embody the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which Figure 1 is a side view of the machine, rep- 5 resented as being used in tunneling. Fig. 2 is.

a side view of the machine in the same position, partly in section. Fig. 3 is a top view of the machine with the hammer and hammer-arm partly removed, and with the extremities of the supporting-legs also removed. Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 8 represent certain details of the parts employed in operating the hammer. Fig. 7 represents a horizontal section through the line a 40, Fig. 2. Fig. 9 represents a front view of the machine in a positiondrilling downward, the extremity of the supporting-leg T being removed. A

, A A represent the steadying or guiding bars of the machine. The steadying-bars, be- 0 ing a short distance apart, are firmlyconnected together at their tops and bottoms by the connecting-pieees -E E, which are bowed outwardly, so as to admit of the passage of the operating portions of the machine between the 3 5 steadying bars. These are simply straight bars of metal of uniform thickness, provided with an adjustable pointed bar, B, which is formed so as to take into or hold and remain in a fixed position on the rock when placed 0 against it. This pointed bar B is held in a socket in the lower connecting-piece, E, by a frictionclutch regulated by the thumbnut C, so that the support of the steadying-bars may be lengthened or shortened at pleasure.

Between the steadying-barsA A is the barrel of the machine, D, through which the drillholder F passes, and in which it is held and operated. This barrel is several inches in "length, and attached to each side of it, near its top and bottom, are the arms G, each of which is provided at its outer end with a passage or hole extending through it and of a size to correspond with the size of or diameter of the steadying-bars, and so as to receive the steady ing bars and allow the barrel to be shifted upon them to any point of their length. Extending out from the rear side of the barrel, atabout its middle, is a pin with a screwthread on the end, to receive the thumb-nut T. On this pin is placed a curved piece, Z, which projects on each side of the barrel, as at p p, and is provided at each end with a curved fri'ction-surface, which fits around the bars A A,

so that by tightening the thumb-nut T the piece 1) p is forced toward the barrel, and the curved friction-surfaces press against the bars A A and tend to hold the barrel in position. This arrangement is clearly shownin section in Fig. 7. v To the side of the barrel D, just above th 'nut T, is cast or bolted a bracket-arm, H, projecting outward at right angles from the barrel. The end of the bracket-ar1n His curved upward, and to its extreme end is pivoted a piece, I, which consists of a lever having three arms. To one arm of the lever I is firmly secured the arm J of a hammer, K. To another arm of the lever I is secured one end of the circular spring L, the other end of which spring is secured to the bracket-arm H, as shown in Fig. l of the drawings. The third arm of the lever I is provided with a hole, through which passes a longitudinally movable pin, a. The

-manner in which this lever i is operated will Oil from the point where the drill is attached to it, through and projects beyond the rear end of the barrel D, and on this end of the drillholder is secured a cap, N, which receives the strokes of the hammer. By this construction, when the cap becomes worn by the strokes of the hammer it may be removed without disturbing the drilldiolder. At the middle of the barrel 1) a transverse opening/or slot is made entirely through the sides of the barrel, and with its center in line with the axis of the drill-rod bore, as shown in Fig. 7. This slot divides the drill-rod bore into two portions, and it is made to receive a ratchet-faced hollow nut, O, that has on the outside of the barrel D, at one side, a spring-pawl, 'w, to bear against the ratchet-face of this nut. The aperture through the nut O coincides with the here or chamber that receives the drill-holder, and the drill-holder passes through and moves in this ratchet-faced nut. These two parts are.

connected together, so that when sliding in one direction in the barrel the drill-holder shall turn or rotate the nut backward for the distance of one ratchet-tooth, but shall hay c of itself no rotation while moving backward in the barrel, and when sliding in the other direction through the nut it shall be caused to rotate as it moves forward, while the nut is held stationary by the spring-pawl w, acting in the ratchet-teeth of the nut. This is eifected by making in the exterior surface of the drillholder several short spiral grooves, into which a corresponding number of spiral ribs, pro vided on the interior surface of the hollow nut, are made to fit. This nut will turn freely in one direction, but will be locked and held by the pawl 10 from turning in the opposite direction. Consequently when the drill-holder is caused to move endwise in one direction within the barrel, the ratchet-faced nut will be freely rotated by the action of the spiral grooves on the drill-holder and the ribs in the hollow nut; but when the drill-holder moves cndwise in the opposite direction, or forward, the nut, being held by its pawl, will not turn in the other direction, but will be locked, so that the spiral grooves and ribs then react upon the drill-holder and cause it to rotate as it moves forward in the barrel. This rotation of the drill-holder produces a change in the position of the end of the drill while at Work, so that it shall not strike always in the same place at the bottom of the hole, but shall be regularly rotated as the operation of drilling goes Upon and surrounding the forward end of the drill-holder is a coil-spring, P, that presses against a shoulder 011 the drill-holder, so as to force the tool forward and keep it against the bottom of the hole being made. The rear end of this spring rests against a fixed shoulder on the barrel. testing upon the rear end of the barrel D, between the barrel and the cap N, and surrounding the drill-holder Q, is a washer, of leather or similar material, to deaden the effeet of the blows of the hammer upon the bar rel. The revolution of the piece T, which surrounds the drill-holder under the cap N, and to which the lugs hh are attached, isprevented by passing the pins 8 through a hole in the piece r and into a hole in the bracket H.

W'e will now describe the mechanism by means of which motion is communicated to the hammer.

Through the bracket-arm H, at 7), Fi 6, extends a shaft, on which is mounted a casting, which consists of two cylindrical portions, 0 c, Fig. 8,-provided with central holes to receive the shaft b. These two cylindrical portions are placed wide enough apart to receive between thcln the bracket-arm H, and are connected together by the cross-piece c c. From the lower side of these cylindrical portions 0 c extend the projecting pieces (1 d, and from the ;upper side of these cylindrical portions exgtend the projections c c. The projections (Z d and e c are so formed on their inner surfaces as to co-operatewithmechanisms on the levers I and f and produce a reciprocating motion of said levers. This arrangement we will now proceed to describe. Through one arm of the lever I passes a loose pin, a, and likewise through the end of the lever f passes a loose pin, (1. Another arm of the lever I is attached to the hammcr-ar'nnso that it is apparent that, if the lever-arm having the pin a is gradually raised, and suddenly released when raised, the hammer will accordingly be gradually raised and suddenly released when raised, so that the spring L, attached to the third arm of the lever I, will cause the hammer to deliver a blow upon the top of the drill-holder F. Likewise it is apparent that if the end of the lever f, which bears the pin a, be gradually pushed downward and released when pushed down, the opposite end of the level-f, which has its fulcrum at f will be accordingly gradually raised, and when releasedwill drop down again. The. forward end of this leverf projects under lugs h 71, attached on each side .of the drill:holder, near its top, so that when the rear end of the lever f is gradually depressed and suddenly released the drill-holder will be gradually raised and suddenly released, so that the coiled spring P may force it suddenly down to its previous position. By properly timing the motions of the lovers I and f the drill-holder may be raised when the 11amnlcr is raised and released just before the hammer is released, so that when the hammer strikes the drill-holder the latter will be atits lowest position and the drill will rest upon the bottom of the drill-hole; but between the strokes of the hammer the drill-holder will be automatically raised and dropped by the lever f, and in its descent the drill-holder will be turned, as hereinbefore described, by the 0011- joint action of the spiral grooves on the drillholder and the projections on the interior of the ratchet-nut 0, held in position by its springpawl, thus giving the drill between each stroke of the hammer the motion which is given to it in hand-drilling.

We will now proceed to described the manner in which the required motion is given to the levers I and f through the medium of the pins a and a. The mechanism for'moving each lever is the same, so that a description of one will do for both.

Fig. 5 will show clearly how the cam-surfaces are arranged to give motion to the pin a, said figure being a detail view of the interior surfaces of the pieces 6 e. (Represented as broken apart.) The pin a is long enough to extend out on one side of the lever I ashort distance, a

and is free to move lengthwise, so as to project out on either side of the lever. The pieces 6 c are placed apart just the width of the lever I, but the interior surfaces of the pieces 6 e are cut away, so as to form cams, on which the projecting end of the pin a may rest. The formation of the cam on each of the pieces '6 c is shown in detail in Fig. 5. WVhen the mo-- motion-is imparted to the lever I. WVhen the end of the pin a reaches the point j, the camsurface is so formed as to suddenly release the end of the pin a and allow it to fall. In falling, the end of the pin impinges against the in clined surface from j to k, which forces the pin longitudinally back through the lever I until the opposite end of the pin projects over the cam-surface of the piece 0, which cam-surface will catch the end of the pin at a point about i and prevent it from falling farther. At the same time the end of the pin next the piece a is forced in flush with the side of the lever I, so as not to engage with the piece ein any way. When the pin a has reached such a position that its end projects over the camsurface at i, the casting, of which the pieces 0 e are'parts, is moved so that thepiece 6 moves in the direction of the arrow 3 which motion causes the end of the pin a to advance up the cam-surfacefrom i to j. When it reaches j, it is allowed to fall again, and in do ing so the pin is forced back by the incline between j and until it occupies the position from which it started, so that one endextends over the cam-surface of e at i, as shown in Fig. 5. The cam-surfaces of d and d and the pin a are arranged and operatedin a similar manner, except that they are so timed that the pin a is being depressed when the pin a is being raised.

From the above explanation it is plain that whenthe piecesc e d d are reciprocated around the S11 aft b by means of the hand-levers U, which are attached to them, the levers I and f will be reciprocated twice for every reciprocation of the hand-levers II. It will also be plain that the upward movement communicated to the heads of the bolts n n.

the drill-holder and hammer will be gradual, while the downward movement of both will be unimpeded and rapid.

To enable the levers U U to be readilyad-.

justed at any angle with the guiding-bars, we attach them to the casting c in the following manner:

Z Z are disks, which are provided with central holes for the reception of the ends of the shaft 1). With the center of each of these disks is firmly connected the sockets for the reception of the levers U, which are secured in place by the thumb-screws m m. In the casting a, on each side,are formed circular recesses or grooves which are concentric with the shaft b, and which are adapted to receive The form of these recesses or grooves is such that the bolts are free to move in any position around the groove, but are prevented from escaping from the grooves because the exterior portion of the recesses or grooves is small enough for the passage of the shank, but not the headof the bolts. The thumb-nuts 0 0, being screwed on the ends of the bolts, create sufficient pressure and friction between the shoulders of the heads of the bolts and the shoulders of the recesses or grooves to prevent the movement of the bolts in the grooves, and by moving the levers Uto any desired angle, and then screwing on the thumb-nutsjo o, the levers are retained at thatangle with reference to the pieces 6 e d d The machine is shown in the drawings in the position which it would occupy when used for tunneling in a horizontal direction. For supporting the machine in this or any other position, the rear ends of the guiding-bars A A are provided with suitable attachments for the supports R S, and the center of the connecting-piece E, at therear end of the steadying-bars G, is also provided with means for the attachment of the support T. attachment we prefer is a universal joint, which enables the supports to be held in any position by suitable screws. These joints are constructed and arranged as follows: At the rear end of each guiding-bar is a clamp, 8, through which passes the screw of a friction screw-eye, t, as shown in dotted linesin Fig. 3, which screw also passes through the head a of the support R or S, as the case may be, into a nut, 12, so that by turning the latter the head may be clamped fast upon the bar A. It will be seen on examining the device that it is onlynecessary to loosen the nut 12, when the head a can be turned in any position around the screw as a center, and that the clamp s can be turned around the bar A in the same way, and that it only requires the tightening of the nut upon the screw to fasten the support to which the head is attached in any desired position. The support T is attached and adjusted by a similar device fitted to a stud, u, firmly secured in the center of the rear curved bar, E, which bar E thus formsa tripod-head,

The means of of which the legs are formed by their supports R S T. These supports consist of telescopic legs, the extremities of the legs being pointed, as shown in the drawings, so as to secure the supports in position on the rock, and the supports are provided with friction clutches, regulated by thumb-nuts, as shown in the drawings, similar to those on the bar B, by means of which friction-clutches any desired length of the supports may be obtained.

By means of the three supports R S T and the point Bthe steadying-bars G G, and consequently the whole machine, can be sustained in any desired position. I11 the drawings, Figs. 1 and 2, it is represented in a horizontal position, the two supports R and S extending downward and slightly backward, so as to support the rear end of the machine from below, and at the same time force the point of the bar B firmly against the rock at the end of the tunnel, and the support T, extending upward and slightly backward, is represented as resting upon the rock at the top of the tunnel.

It is obvious that by the arrangement of the supports described the machine may be made to drill in any direction-upward, downward, as in Fig. 9, or at any angle.

It is also obvious that by the arrangement of all the supports in the rear of the operating mechanism and the connecting of the supports R S by the tripod-head, to which the support T" is pivoted in such a manner that the hammer may work between the extremities of said tripod-head, the entire mechanism is much more compact than it could otherwise be; that the supporting-legs have greater freedom of motion; that either or all of them can be turned in any direction, as desired, either up or down, or extended horizontally; that they can all be swung around on a plane at right angles to their rising-and-falling motion, and that, in short, the legs can be moved perfectly free in almost every direction without interfering with the mechanism.

The actuating-levers U U, provided with handles at their extremities, are so attached to the parts of the machine that they may be secured at any angle relatively to the guidingbars, and tlms the operator can adjust them in such position as to enable him to most readily operate the machine, in view of the position of the surrounding rock or other obstructions. For instance, if the operator should be standing below the machine, or behind it, he could adjust the levers U U so as to project at the rear of the machine; or if in other positions it became more convenient so to do, he might adjust the levers so as to extend forward toward the point of the drill, or in any other position. This is of special utility in mining and tunneling,where the changing form of the surroundingrocks and the changing direction in which the drill-holes are to be made continually require a change of the position of the operator with reference to the machine.

It is also apparent that the mechanism for operating the hammer, being placed at one side of the drill-holder, and not above it, enables a drill-hole, if necessary, to be made close up to the edge of a projecting ledge, which would not be possible if the operating mechanism were placed above the drill.

It is sometimes desirable to vary the force of the spring L, because when the drilling is first commenced and the drill is sharp the blow of the hammer should not be so heavy as when the drill becomes dull. For the purpose of varying the force of the spring,we provide the clamp 12, which is fitted on the inside of the spring L, and which can be made to increase or decrease the strength of the spring by regu lating the pressure of the set-screw g, which presses 011 the outside of the spring. There is an advantage in having a rigid instead of a spring hammer-arm, because by having it rigid the blow is always struck in the same direction, whereas the spring hammerarm somewhat varies the blow by variations in the spring.

The operation of the machine is as follows: Having placed the machine in the position shown in Fig. 1, or in any other desired posi tion, the operator adjusts the levers U U into the most convenient position for operation. He then grasps the handles and reciprocates them. This reciprocating motion is communicated through the cam-surfaces on the pieces a c (l (l and the pins (0 and a to the levers I and f. Motion of the lever I in one direction contracts the spring L and raises the hammer, so that when the lever is released by the camsurface the reaction of the spring causes the hammer to strike a blow. At the same time the motion of the lever f in one directionlifts the drill-holder and drill against the pressure of the spring I, so that when the lcvcrf is released by the cam-surface the spring I reacts and forces the end of the drill quickly back to the bottom of the bore-hole, and the drillholder is partly revolved by the ratchet-wheel O as it returns to the bottom of the bore-hole. The canrsurlaces are so timed that the hammer begins to rise just before the drill-holder, and the drill is returned to the bottom of the bore-hole just before the descent of the hammer. In this way, for every reciprocation of the actuating levers the drill-holder and hammer reciprocate twice. thus producing a very rapid succession of blows. When the drilling is connnenced,the arms G G, attached to the barrel, are at the top of the guiding-rods, and are held in that position by the frictionbrake p p, pressing on the guiding-rods; but, as the boring proceeds, whenever the drill has entered the rock so far that the cap N comes in contact with the top of the barrel, the strokes of the hammer will be communicated to the barrel, so as to overcome the frictionconneetion and force the arms G down on the guiding-bars the distance which the drill entcrs the rock. In this way the whole machine IIO is fed forward on the guiding-rods just as fast 1 asthe boring proceeds. When; it .is desired 'to withdraw the drill from the hole, thejoper ator-loosen's the thumb-screw which controls the friction-brake, and slides the machine upon the guide-rods.

Some of the features shownin this applica tionare not claimed broadly here, but willbe,

shown and claimed in a separate application I drilling proceeds, a hand-lever, and adj nstable 1 fastenings connecting said lever with the hammer-operating mechanism, whereby said lever may be adjusted from time to time to keep it convenient for the hand of the operator as the hammer-operating device is fed forward, all substantially as described.

2. The combination, in a drilling-machine, of a frame arranged to support a hammer working through a recess in the tripod-head, a tripod-head attached to the frame and having a recess for the hammer to work through, a supporting-leg at each extremity, andathird leg connected to the central part thereof, substantially as described.

3. The combination, in a drilling-machine, of a tripod having a recessed head attached to one extremity of the frame thereof, a supporting-point connected to the opposite extremity of the frame, an operating mechanism supported between said tripod and point, and a hammer working through the recess in the tripod-head, all substantially as described.

4. The hammer and rigid hammer-arm, in combination with the actuating-spring constructed and arranged to drive theha-mmertoward the drill, the double-acting cams and connecting mechanism for vibrating the hammer-arm, and the drill-holder, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with the cam or cams, of the hammer, the pin movable lengthwise, and the connecting-lever, so that the motion of the cam produces a vibration of the hammer, substantially as described.

6. The combination of the two opposite cams of the hammer, the pin, and the connecting-lever, so that a stroke of the hammer is produced every time the cams are moved backward or forward, substantially as described. j

7. The combination, with the drill-holder F, of a leveror levers, f, the pine, anda camsurface for operating the pin, substantially as described.

7 8. The combination of the hammer, the pin a and its operating cam-surface, the pin a and its operating cam-surface, and the .drillholder, the pins a anda being respectively so connected with the hammer and drill-holder andthe cam-surfaces so timed that the hammer and drill-holder move in unison with each other, substantially as described. I y 9. In combination with the, guiding-rods and-the barrel, the spring friction-brake at= tached to the barrel and constructed to press upon the guiding-rods on each side of the barrel, substantially as described. H

10. *-In a drilling-machine, the combination, with the barrel in which the drill-rod moves, of a bracket-arm secured to said barrel and projecting on one side thereof, and having bearings for the hammer, and other bearings for the hammer-operating mechanism, both on the same side of the drill in the projecting part of the bracket, substantially as described. 11.. Ina drill-machine in which the drill is operated upon" by a hammenand having mechanism which directs the drill, and which is fed forward as the drilling proceeds, the combination, with such mechanism, of a laterally-extending bracket-arm secured thereto forthe supportof the hammer-operating mechism, so that the hammer-operating mechanism is arranged on one side of the drill-rod, and is so supported as to move in unisonwith the feed of the machine, substantially as described.

12. In combination with guides A, the drillholder, the lever or levers f, for raising the drill, supported on bearings moving in unison with the feed of the drill, and the mechanism forreciprocating the levers, substantially as described. V

13. The combination, in a drilling-machine, of the guide-rods A, the tripod-head E, having apertures to receive said guide-rods and a recess for the hammer to work through, legs R S, jointed to the guide-rods, and a third leg, T, connected to suitable support on the central partof the tripod-head, all constructed and arranged substantially as described.

14. In combination with the spring for op erating thehammer, the re-enforcing clamp 22, constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as described. j

15. In combination with the two guidingbars for directing the movements of the drill, a curved cross-bar constructed to receive and connect said guiding-bars, and an adjustable point arranged in said cross-piece, substantially as described.

16. In combination with the piece 0, provided with a recess or groove, substantially as described, disk I, having. a lever-socket, the lever U, bolt 42, and the thumbnut 0.

17. The combination, in a drilling-machine, of a drill and drill-holder, an oscillating lever, two cams rigidly connected with the said lever, both arranged on the same sideof the fulcrum thereof, the shifting-piece operated by the cams, and the lever I, carrying the hammer, whereby the drill is struck twice at each complete oscillation of the hand-lever, subhand lever or levers supported on said brackstantially as described.

18. The combination, with the head a of the leg of a drilling-machine, of the clamp s, 5 screw-eye t, and nut 17, both clamp and screweye being fitted to a cylindrical part of the machine, whereby the clamp may be turned in any direction around said cylindrical part, the leg turned around the screw, and the whole fastened together as adjusted by turning the nut, substantially as described. I 19. In combination, the barrel for directing the drill-rod, the laterally-extending bracketarm for supporting the hammer-operating 15 mechanism on one side of the drill-rod, the

et-arm and having their bearings substantially at right angles with the same, and adjustable mechanism for connecting said lever or levers with said bracket-arm, so that the 20 bearings of said lever or levers are on one side of the drill-rod, while the position of the handles may be adjusted, substantially as described.

HENRY F. PARSONS. HUGO BORCHARDT.

Witnesses:

\V. F. Hnrcool), D. H. DRISCOLL. 

